AGRICULTURE - Cayenne ( Capsicum frutescens ) is a plant of the American continent . These plants suitable to be developed in the tropics , especially around the equator . The most suitable plants grown in the lowlands with a height of 0-500 meters above sea level . Even so , cayenne pepper can be grown well to a height of 1000 meters above sea level. For a place that is too high , productivity will be reduced .
In the highlands , cayenne pepper plant can still be fruitful . Only harvest period is less than the lowlands . In addition , the production of seeds in the fruit is a little cayenne pepper . This could be considered the advantages or disadvantages. Because of course the consumers love , but the weight of the fruit becomes soft .
Cayenne pepper cultivated in Indonesia is very diverse . Generally , people familiar white chili and green chili . In fact, every place has a kind of chili different .
Cayenne pepper cultivation is relatively lower risk than large chilli . These plants more resistant to pests , though the pests that attack large chilli cayenne pepper can also attack . This time AGRICULTURE outlines tips cayenne pepper cultivation , ranging from seed selection to harvest handling .
Selection of cayenne pepper seeds
Today has been a lot of available seed of cayenne pepper hybrid with the advantages of each . Choose seeds that are in accordance with the conditions of their individual farms . When difficult to obtain or expensive, we can select their own seeds of cayenne pepper .
Cayenne pepper seeds can be obtained from the previous harvest. Use the fruits of the harvest to the 4th to 6th. Fruit produced in this harvest period usually has an optimal seed. In the first until the third harvest, the seeds in the fruit is usually still a little cayenne pepper. Whereas towards the end of the harvest period but the number of seed lots of small size.
To choose a good chili seeds, select some plants look healthy and strong. From these plants choose fruit that looks perfect, free from disease and pests. Then let the fruit ripen on the tree. If possible allow the fruit to dry on the tree.
After the fruit is picked, cut longitudinally fruit skin. Discard the seeds contained in the base and tip of fruit, take the seeds in the middle. Seeds in the central part is usually the most qualified.
Then soak the beans chili in clean water. Discard seeds that float, suitable seed so the seed is containing and immersed in water. Then drying the seeds to dry for about 3 days.
Except for organic seed , we can provide a fungicide to prevent fungus attack . Then save the seeds in a dry and still has the air circulation . When the correct storage , cayenne pepper seeds can last up to two years.
The good seed has grown up to 80 percent power . The longer the stored seeds , viability will continue to decrease . When power is growing less than 50 percent , you should not use these seeds .
Seeding cayenne pepper
Supplies of seed for a hectare of land cultivated cayenne pepper around 0.5 kg . The seeds should be planted in advance to be used as seed . Place seeding should be given shade to avoid direct sun , running heavy rain and wind .
Prepare polybag size of 5 × 10 cm and then fill with medium nursery up to ¾ parts. Media seedbed consists of a mixture of soil , rice husk and compost in the ratio 1 : 1 : 1 . Sift first of these materials and mix evenly.
After media nursery ready , soak the seeds chili with warm water for approximately 6 hours . That is to stimulate growth. Then enter into polybag seed depth of 0.5 cm , cover the surface with planting medium .
Watering is done every morning and afternoon . Running water in order not to damage the planting medium , cover the surface with newspaper polybag . Then flush with the surface of newsprint hype until the water dripped onto the surface of the polybag .
The seeds will grow into seedlings cayenne maximum after two weeks . But usually on day 7 seeds have started to grow . Cayenne pepper seedlings can only be transferred to the open land after 4-6 leafy strands or roughly 1 to 1.5 months old .
Tillage and planting
Tillage should be started simultaneously with the seeding. So that when the cayenne pepper seedlings ready for planting, the land is ready for use.
Tillage begins with hoeing or plowing depth of about 40 cm. If the soil is too acidic, neutralize with dolomite usually about 1-4 ha / ton depending on the acidity of the soil.
Then create beds with a width of 100-110 cm with a height of 30-40 cm and a length follow distance land conditions between beds width 60 cm. Combine organic fertilizer, such as compost or manure as much as 15-20 tonnes / ha. If the land less fertile can be added urea, SP36 and KCl taste.
The use of black plastic mulch silver will actually increase productivity, but must be carefully considered because of the cost. See the average price in the market is not as high as cayenne chilli large, the use of mulch can be detrimental.
Alternatively can be used as mulch of straw. Just need supervision over the use of straw in order not to invite pests and diseases.
Make the planting hole with a distance of 50-60 cm, the planting hole is made in two rows in a seedbed with the distance between rows 60 cm. Making the hole made zigzag alignment. It is useful to increase the penetration of sunlight and air circulation.
Move the seedlings in polybag seedlings into the planting hole with a tear or remove the polybag seedlings. Then flush with water to maintain moisture. Transplanting should be done in the morning or afternoon. Strive planting in one plot can be completed in a day.
Cayenne pepper cultivation care
Watering is required only during the dry season . If conditions are too dry chili plants can die . Watering can be done by flushing or soaking . Soaking the place is done every two weeks.
Surface supplementary added after 1 month old plants from the seeds planted in . Further provide supplementary fertilization after each harvest . Fertilization aftershocks could use a liquid organic fertilizer or compost . Give liquid fertilizer that has been diluted as much as 100 ml for each plant . While compost as much as 500-700 grams . Can be added urea and NPK as additional fertilizer .
Another treatment that is needed is weeding . Because cayenne pepper cultivation rarely use mulch then weeding should be done more intensis . Strive to besih of weed beds .
Pest and disease control
Cayenne pepper plants actually quite resistant to pests . But that does not mean invulnerable at all . Pests that attack could also attacked big cayenne chili plants . Among other pests , aphids , fruit flies , ladybugs , etc. .
While common diseases that attack plants cayenne pepper is yaws , dwarf , curly leaves and rotten fruit. Disease mostly attacks during the rainy season , especially in high rainfall . For further control , please read the chilli plant pests and diseases .
Harvesting cayenne pepper
Cayenne pepper have started to bear fruit and can be harvested after the age of 2.5-3 months after the seeds are planted . Harvest period may last for 6 months or more. Age cayenne pepper plant can reach 24 months . Frequency of harvest in the harvest period can last 15-18 times .
But the older the plant , the lower the productivity so that no longer economical to maintain. For intensive cultivation , cayenne pepper plants are usually maintained until the age of 12 months . Good farming could generate a total output of up to 30 tonnes / hectare .
Harvesting should be done in the morning . The trick to picking fruit along the stems . Cayenne fruit desired shape is sleek and solid . Such types of fruit and a spicy taste typically valued higher in the market than a large fruit but hollow.
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Cayenne pepper have started to bear fruit and can be harvested after the age of 2.5-3 months after the seeds are planted . Harvest period may last for 6 months or more. Age cayenne pepper plant can reach 24 months . Frequency of harvest in the harvest period can last 15-18 times .
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